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0:00 Introduction
0:50 Causes of Behçet’s disease
1:30 Symptoms of Behçet’s disease
3:42 Diagnosis of Behçet’s disease
4:30 Treatment of Behçet’s disease

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body.[1] The most common symptoms include painful mouth sores, genital sores, inflammation of parts of the eye, and arthritis.[2][1] The sores typically last a few days.[1] Less commonly there may be inflammation of the brain or spinal cord, blood clots, aneurysms, or blindness.[2][1] Often, the symptoms come and go.[2]

The cause is unknown.[2] It is believed to be partly genetic.[1] Behçet’s is not contagious.[2] Diagnosis is based on at least three episodes of mouth sores in a year together with at least two of the following: genital sores, eye inflammation, skin sores, a positive skin prick test.[2]

There is no cure.[2] Treatments may include immunosuppressive medication such as corticosteroids and lifestyle changes.[2] Lidocaine mouthwash may help with the pain.[1] Colchicine may decrease the frequency of attacks.[1] The condition often improves with the passage of time.[1]

While rare in the United States and Europe, it is more common in the Middle East and Asia.[1] In Turkey, for example, about 2 per 1,000 are affected.[1] Onset is usually in a person’s 20s or 40s.[2][1] The disease was initially described by Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet in 1937.[3]

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Experts Marla Dubinsky, MD; Stephen B. Hanauer, MD; and William J. Sandborn, MD, share insight on the diagnostic process for Crohn’s disease and how to differentiate it from similarly presenting disorders.
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Bacterial Disease | Health | Biology | FuseSchool

Did you know that it wasn’t until around 200 years ago that people knew what caused infectious diseases? Before that, they believed that one cause was ‘bad air’, and so they carried around bunches of sweet-smelling flowers to sweeten the scent of the air and prevent disease.

Thanks to the invention of the microscope, and the experiments carried out by scientists, we now know that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.

In this video we’re going to look at how bacteria can cause disease in humans.

CONTENT
0:00 intro
0:06 history of bacterial diseases
0:27 causes of infectious diseases
0:39 what are bacteria?
0:55 salmonella food poisoning
1:29 gonorrhoea
2:13 tuberculosis (TB)
2:45 stomach ulcers
3:22 conclusion

CREDITS
Animation & Design: Reshenda Wakefield
Narration: Dale Bennett
Script: Gemma Young

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This video was created to raise awareness of CDC’s important global health work to protect Americans and save lives. Learn more: www.cdc.gov/global

Comments on this video are allowed in accordance with our comment policy:
http://www.cdc.gov/SocialMedia/Tools/CommentPolicy.html

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https://www.cdc.gov/cdctv/video-assets/diseaseandconditions/outbreaks/global-health/275129_ProtectingAmericans_low-res-CC.wmv
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After years of smoking, Julia, a busy working mom, and Mark, a military veteran, each received frightening news. Their doctors found colorectal cancer, which is a danger for all smokers. In this TV ad from CDC’s Tips From Former Smokers campaign, Julia and Mark share a tip for dealing with colorectal cancer.

Comments on this video are allowed in accordance with our comment policy: http://www.cdc.gov/SocialMedia/Tools/CommentPolicy.html

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This strange condition occurs primarily in smokers and can result in amputation of the finger and toes.

Addendum: Further work up showed evidence of hypothenar hammer syndrome.

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Chow Chow Dog Breed: A Breed that is Well-mannered and dignified, with a heart of gold. Breed Information, Characteristics, Common Health Problems, Recommended Exercise, Nutrition & Lifestyle.
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January is National Blood Donor Awareness Month, and 13-year-old Tymia Green is encouraging more people to donate. Tymia has sickle cell anemia and experiences pain crises that feels like “a knife is stabbing in and out” she said. Doctors compare the pain to a heart attack. A blood transfusion is the only thing that stops the pain and helps her get back to being a kid. When people donate blood, Tymia says “they’re giving me a life.” InsideEdition.com’s Johanna Li has more. #InsideEdition
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical essentials – Dr. Kiran Peddi MRCP(UK), FRCP(London), CCT(Gastro)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel that presents with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and diarrhea. There are two sub-types of IBD: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Interestingly, while smoking is associated with an increased risk of Crohn’s disease, it is protective for the development of ulcerative colitis.

IBD subtypes can be differentiated based on the pattern of inflammation:
• Crohn’s disease is associated with transmural inflammation. Histopathology reveals lymphoid aggregates with noncaseating granulomas.
• Ulcerative colitis is associated with mucosal inflammation (superficial submucosa may also be affected). Histopathology reveals crypt abscesses with neutrophils, but no granulomas.

IBD subtypes can be differentiated based on the affected location within the GI tract:
• Crohn’s disease begins anywhere from the mouth to anus with “skip lesions”.The terminal ileum is most commonly involved while the rectum is rarely involved.
• Ulcerative colitis begins in the rectum (always involved) and can extend up to the cecum, with continuous involvement (and sparing of the remainder of the GI tract).

IBD subtypes can be differentiated based on gross morphological appearance:
• In Crohn disease there is “cobblestone” mucosa, strictures, and creeping fat
• In ulcerative colitis, there are pseudopolyps

IBD subtypes can be differentiated based on imaging with barium contrast:
• Crohn disease may present with “string sign” (due to narrowing of the lumen)
• Ulcerative colitis may present with “lead pipe sign” (loss of haustra)

IBD subtypes can be differentiated based on associations with certain extraintestinal disorders:
• Crohn disease is associated with calcium oxalate kidney stones and gallstones
• Ulcerative colitis is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (p-ANCA positive)
Both subtypes are associated (to varying degrees) with the following disorders:
• Pyoderma gangrenosum
• Erythema nodosum
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Uveitis
• Aphthous ulcers
• Arthritis

Serologic studies for the presence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) can contribute to the differentiation of IBD subtypes. Helpful patterns are:
• Crohn disease: ASCA-positive, p-ANCA negative
• Ulcerative colitis: ASCA-negative, p-ANCA positive

Systemic complications of both IBD subtypes include:
• Malnutrition due to intestinal inflammation. This is particularly common in patients with Crohn’s disease (which most commonly involves the terminal ileum) since the absorption of both vitamin B12 and bile salts occurs in the terminal ileum.

• Adenocarcinoma of the large colon due to persistent inflammation. This can be seen in both inflammatory bowel diseases but is more common in ulcerative colitis since ulcerative colitis always involves the colon.

The risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease-associated adenocarcinoma is proportional to:
• Disease duration (increased risk at 8-10 years)
• Extent of colonic involvement (increased risk with pancolitis)
• Frequency and intensity of inflammation (increased risk with more intense and frequent relapses)

There are several important GI complications more closely associated with Crohn disease, most notably the following:
• Obstruction caused by stricture formation
• Fistula formation
• Perianal disease
• Cholelithiasis

There are several important GI complications more closely associated with ulcerative colitis, most notably:
• Toxic megacolon
• Sclerosing cholangitis

Cutaneous pathologies that are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases include erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a neutrophilic dermatosis that appears as a purulent ulcer with a violaceous edge. The majority of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum have an associated systemic disease, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease.

Treatments for ulcerative colitis include:
• 5-aminosalicylic acid formulations (e.g. sulfasalazine, mesalamine)
• 6-mercaptopurine (purine synthesis inhibitor)
• Infliximab (anti-TNFα antibody)
• Colectomy

Treatments for Crohn disease include:
• Corticosteroids
• Azathioprine (purine synthesis inhibitor)
• Infliximab (anti-TNFα antibody)
• Adalimumab (anti-TNFα antibody)
• Antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole)

#inflammatoryboweldisease #clinicalessentials #gastroentrology #pathology #internalmedicine #Crohndisease #Crohnsdisease #ulcerativecolitis

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Addiction needs to be treated like a disease and we need to follow the disease model.

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