Archive for the tag: Diagnosis

Behcet's Syndrome, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

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Behcet's Syndrome, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:50 Causes of Behçet’s disease
1:30 Symptoms of Behçet’s disease
3:42 Diagnosis of Behçet’s disease
4:30 Treatment of Behçet’s disease

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body.[1] The most common symptoms include painful mouth sores, genital sores, inflammation of parts of the eye, and arthritis.[2][1] The sores typically last a few days.[1] Less commonly there may be inflammation of the brain or spinal cord, blood clots, aneurysms, or blindness.[2][1] Often, the symptoms come and go.[2]

The cause is unknown.[2] It is believed to be partly genetic.[1] Behçet’s is not contagious.[2] Diagnosis is based on at least three episodes of mouth sores in a year together with at least two of the following: genital sores, eye inflammation, skin sores, a positive skin prick test.[2]

There is no cure.[2] Treatments may include immunosuppressive medication such as corticosteroids and lifestyle changes.[2] Lidocaine mouthwash may help with the pain.[1] Colchicine may decrease the frequency of attacks.[1] The condition often improves with the passage of time.[1]

While rare in the United States and Europe, it is more common in the Middle East and Asia.[1] In Turkey, for example, about 2 per 1,000 are affected.[1] Onset is usually in a person’s 20s or 40s.[2][1] The disease was initially described by Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet in 1937.[3]

Crohn’s Disease: Differentiation and Diagnosis

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Experts Marla Dubinsky, MD; Stephen B. Hanauer, MD; and William J. Sandborn, MD, share insight on the diagnostic process for Crohn’s disease and how to differentiate it from similarly presenting disorders.
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Hepatitis C & Cirrhosis // symptoms, diagnosis & treatment

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Hepatitis C Virus is a common cause of Liver SCARRING ~ Cirrhosis. It is the the most common reason for Liver Transplant is the US. This dangerous disease that can be PREVENTED & TREATED. Learn how Hepatitis C affects our body? How Hep C virus enters our body and how does it spread to others? How can Hep C be prevented? What is Cirrhosis? and how is Hep C treated? Ask Dr. SMART!
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Coeliac (Celiac) Disease – Overview (signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment)

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Coeliac (Celiac) Disease - Overview (signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment)

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Expert Insights: How do doctors test for Celiac disease?

May is Celiac disease awareness month. Dr. Wahid Wassef, MD, MPH, FACG, director of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the UArizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, explains more about this autoimmune disease and how to get tested if you think you may have it.
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Diagnosis and treatment of Celiac Disease

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Sheryl Pfeil, MD, a gastroenterologist at Ohio State, explains the symptoms of true Celiac disease and its similarity to simple gluten sensitivity or other disorders. Definitive diagnosis may require bloodwork and evaluation or sampling of the digestive tract during an endoscopy. If confirmed, patients with true Celiac disease can eliminate symptoms and effectively “cure” themselves with strict adherence to a gluten-free, or wheat-free diet. To learn more or to schedule an appointment, visit https://internalmedicine.osu.edu/digestivediseases/ or call (614) 293-6255.

Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency): Wet vs Dry Beriberi, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

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Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency): Wet vs Dry Beriberi, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Beriberi is a set of two conditions (Wet beriberi and Dry beriberi) that are caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine). Wet and dry beriberi have different pathophysiological mechanisms and different clinical features. In this lesson, we discuss the risk factors for getting beriberi, the pathophysiology of wet and dry beriberi, the signs and symptoms of both wet and dry beriberi, along with how clinicians diagnose and treat these conditions.

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Behcet disease – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

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What is Behcet’s disease? Behcet’s disease, or Behcet disease, is a type of immune-mediated vasculitis, meaning inflammation of the blood vessels, and can affect small, medium, or large arteries or veins. Find more videos at http://osms.it/more.

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An introduction to Behcet’s Syndrome, including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis. This is part of Strong Medicine’s series on Underappreciated Diseases.

There is a variety of ways in which the Behcet of Behcet’s Syndrome is pronounced around the world. In this video, I pronounce this condition with a soft ch sound (“beh-shet’s”), which is by far the most common pronunciation in the US. Internet references state that in Turkey (the home of Dr. Behcet), Behcet is pronounced with a hard ch (“Beh-chet’s”). However, the word should definitely *not* be pronounced with a silent T (“Beh-shay”).

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Crohn's Disease: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Risk factors, Diagnosis and Treatments, Animation.

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(USMLE topics) Crohn disease: pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis and treatments. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/digestive-diseases/-/medias/47f8d399-6671-487c-909c-2ed1eb5b6a77-crohn-s-disease-narrated-animation
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Crohn’s disease is one of the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease may affect any parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but it most commonly involves the end of the small bowel, the ileum, and the beginning of the colon. The inflammation is not continuous, inflamed segments are usually interrupted by normal healthy tissues.
Most people experience recurrent flares, when the disease is active, followed by symptom-free periods of remission.
Symptoms may differ depending on the parts of the digestive tract that are affected. Most common signs include diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenderness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and fever. Blood in stools occurs when the colon is involved; nausea and vomiting are usually the signs that the stomach or the first part of the small intestine is affected. About one third of patients present with perianal disease, including abscess, fistulas and ulcers. The disease also often manifests outside the intestine, especially in the joints, skin, and eyes.
Inflammation in Crohn’s disease extends to the entire thickness of the intestinal wall. Deep lesions in the mucosa often alternate with areas of mucosal swelling, creating a characteristic cobblestoned appearance. Extensive inflammation may cause thickening of the bowel wall and hypertrophy of the mesenteric fat that wraps around the intestine (creeping fat). Intestinal wall thickening, together with scar formation, may block the flow of digestive content, leading to bowel obstruction. Ulcers can extend through the bowel wall and form tunnels, called fistulas, which may connect to other loops of the intestine, to abdominal organs, muscles and even skin. A fistula may become infected and form abscesses, which can be life-threatening if not treated. In the long-term, Crohn’s disease may increase risks for colon cancers.
The disease has a major peak of onset between the age of 20 and 30, and a smaller peak later in life. White individuals, people with family history, and smokers are at higher risks.
The exact mechanism of Crohn’s disease is not fully understood, but it likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. Multiple genes are identified, most of which act in the immune system, or in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. This barrier separates the gut content from the underlying immune system, preventing the body from reacting to dietary antigens and resident bacteria of the gut. A crack in the barrier may increase the chance that the immune system overreacts to non-pathogenic antigens from the gut content.
Involvement of environmental factors is evidenced by higher disease incidence in developed countries, especially urban areas.
Diagnosis is made based on a combination of tests and imaging procedures.
Treatments start with dietary management to maintain good nutrition but avoid foods that may exacerbate symptoms. Some patients may benefit from nutrition therapy, a special diet given via a feeding tube or injected into a vein. The therapy provides nutrition while allowing the bowel to rest, reducing inflammation.
A number of medications can be prescribed depending on disease severity and the patient’s response to different drugs. These may include: antidiarrheals, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologics.
Abscesses and fistulas are drained and treated with antibiotics.
Nearly half of patients require at least one surgery to manage recurrent intestinal obstructions or complicated fistulas or abscesses. Surgical removal of the diseased parts of the bowel may improve symptoms temporarily, but is not a cure, because the disease is likely to recur, usually near the reconnected tissue.
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Crohn’s disease is difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms overlap with other diseases. Physicals, x-rays, colonoscopies and biopsies aid in diagnosis.
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